Selenium Commands

In this article we will cover Selenium commands you should be aware of if you are going for interviews.

Selenium Commands

• get() Methods -
• driver.get("https://google.com"); -- used to open an URL and it will wait till the whole page gets loaded.
• driver.getClass(); -- The command is used to retrieve the Class object that represents the runtime class of this object
• driver.getCurrentUrl(); -- This command returns the URL of the currently active web page in the browser.
• driver.getPageSource(); -- This command helps in getting the entire HTML source code of the open web page.
• driver.getTitle(); -- This command can be used for displaying the title of the current web page.
• driver.getText(); -- delivers the innerText of a WebElement.
• driver.findElement(By.id("findID")).getAttribute("Value"); -- used to retrieve the value of the specified attribute
• driver.getWindowHandle(); -- used to tackle with the situation when we have more than one window to deal with.
• Locating links by linktext() and partialLinkText() -
• driver.findElement(By.linkText("Testers")).click(); -- finds the element using link text
• driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Test")).click(); -- find the elements based on the substring of the link
• Selecting multiple items in a drop down -
• Select select = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("Tester")));
• select.selectByValue("Value");
• select.selectByVisibletext("Text");
• select.selectByIndex(2);
• Submitting a form -
• driver.findElement(By.id("Submit")).submit();
• Handling iFrames -
• select frame by id - driver.switchTo().frame("Id of the frame");
• Locating iframe using tagName - driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe").get(0));
• Locating iframe using index - driver.switchTo().frame(0);
• Locating by name of iframe - driver.switchTo().frame("Name of thr frame");
• select parent window - driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
• Close() and quit() methods -
• driver.close(); -- closes only a single window that is being accessed by the WebDriver instance currently
• driver.quit(); -- closes all the windows that were opened by the WebDriver instance
• Exception Handling -
• Exceptions are the conditions or situations that halt the program execution unexpectedly.
• Reasons for such conditions can be:
• Errors introduced by the user 
• Errors generated by the programmer 
• Errors generated by physical resources
• Example -
• WebElement saveButton = driver.findElement(By.id("Save")); 
• try{ if(saveButton.isDisplayed()){ 
• saveButton.click();
• } } 
• catch(NoSuchElementException e){ 
• e.printStackTrace(); 
• }
• Other useful commands -
• isEnabled() ; -- to Check Whether the Element is Enabled Or Disabled in the Selenium WebDriver.
• Syntax - 
• boolean textBox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='textbox1']")).isEnabled();
• pageLoadTimeout(time, unit) ; -- to set the time for a page to load.
• Syntax -
• driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(500, SECONDS);
• implicitlyWait(); -- to set a wait time before searching and locating a web element.
• Syntax -
• driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1000, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
• until() and visibilityOfElementLocated() -- until() from WebdriverWait and visibilityOfElementLocated() from ExpectedConditions to wait explicitly till an element is visible in the webpage.
• Syntax -
• WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); 
• WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated (By.xpath("//input[@id=’name’]")));
• until() and alertIsPresent() -- untill() from WebdriverWait and alertIsPresent() from ExpectedConditions to wait explicitly till an alert appears. 
• Syntax
• WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); 
• WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent() ); 
• Select 
• WebElement mySelectedElement = driver.findElement(By.id("select")); 
• Select dropdown= new Select(mySelectedElement);
•  dropdown.selectByVisibleText("Jaikishan"); 
•  dropdown.selectByValue("Fav_course"); 
• dropdown.selectByIndex(1); 
• dropdown.deselectByVisibleText(“Tester");
•  dropdown.deselectByValue("Fav_course"); 
•  dropdown.deselectByIndex(1);
• Navigate() methods -- to navigate between the URLs. 
• driver.navigate().to("https://www.testinghackersz.blogspot.com");  
• driver.navigate().back(); 
• driver.navigate().forward(); 
• driver.navigate().refresh();
• getScreenshotAs() method --to Capture the entire page screenshot in Selenium WebDriver.
• File shot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); 
• FileUtils.copyFile(shot, new File("D:\\criticalbug.jpg"));
• moveToElement() -
• Actions actions = new Actions(driver); 
• WebElement mouseHover = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='bestTutor']/div"));
• actions.moveToElement(mouseHover); actions.perform();
• dragAndDrop()
• actions.dragAndDrop(sourceLocator, destinationLocator).build().perform();
• switchTo() and accept(), dismiss() and sendKeys() -- methods from Alert class to switch to popup alerts and handle them. 
• Syntax
• Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); 
• alert.sendKeys("Don’t forget to give 5 star rating"); 
• alert.accept();  
• alert.dismiss() can be used to dismiss the alert.
• assertEquals(),assertNotEquals(), assertTrue() and assertFalse() -- Assertions are used to compare the expected and actual results. Pass or fail of a test is usually decided from the result of assertions. 
• Syntax
• Assert.assertEquals(message, “This text”); 
• Assert.assertNotEquals(message, “This text”); 
• Assert.assertTrue(result<0); 
• Assert.assertFalse(result<0);