Behavior Driven Development Framework(BDD)

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A lot of you might have heard of Behavior Driven Development Framework known as BDD if you are part of Testing Fraternity. I will be discussing deeply as what basically BDD is and what is different in it briefly. Our objective is to familiarise you with what BDD is and how can you decide if it's effective across your domain. When BDD comes into visibility, several terms emerges with it such as Cucumber, Specflow, JBehave.

What is BDD?
Behavior Driven Development is a terminology which combines the features of Test Driven Development(TDD) and Acceptance Test-Driven Development(ATDD). In order to align everyone on the same page, BDD focuses more on Application behavior instead of jumping into the technical details. A Domain-Specific Language(DSL) known as Gherkin is being newly introduced which reduces the communication gap between technical and non-technical people. For Instance, if you are asked to hand over your automation scripts to the external stakeholders, they would be completely blank and perplexed if they review it. To handle such a situation, Gherkin becomes super effective.

Keywords used in Gherkin -
There are 11 keywords which are used in Gherkin listed below -

  • Scenario
  • Feature
  • Scenario Outline
  • *
  • Examples
  • "" (Doc Strings)
  • @ (Tags)
  • # (Comments)
  • | (Date Tables)
  • Background
  • Steps - Given, When, Then, But
Few common keywords to define the flow are -


  • Given
  • When
  • Then
  • And
  • But
  • Then
The most common framework for BDD in the market is Cucumber, Specflow (C#), Jbehave,  Fitnesse.

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